Getting Started

Installation Configuration Directory Structure Frontend Starter Kits Deployment

Architecture Concepts

Request Lifecycle Service Container Service Providers Facades

Core Concepts

Routing Middleware CSRF Protection Controllers Requests Responses Views Blade Templates Asset Bundling URL Generation Session Validation Error Handling Logging

Digging Deeper

Artisan Console Broadcasting Cache Collections Events File Storage Helpers HTTP Client Localization Mail Notifications Package Development Queues Rate Limiting Task Scheduling

Security

Authentication Authorization Encryption Hashing Password Reset

Database

Getting Started Query Builder Pagination Migrations Seeding Redis

Eloquent ORM

Getting Started Relationships Collections Mutators / Casts API Resources Serialization Factories

Testing

Getting Started HTTP Tests Console Tests Browser Tests Database Mocking

API

Illuminate

Auth

Access

Broadcasting

Bus

Cache

Console

View

Components

Contracts

Auth

Bus

Database

Session

Cookie

Database

Console

Eloquent

Relations

PDO

Query

Schema

Foundation

Auth

Bus

Exceptions

Http

Support

Testing

Http

Client

Resources

Log

Mail

Notifications

Process

Queue

Redis

Routing

Session

Support

Testing

Testing

Fluent

Validation

View

Compilers

version: 10.x

9.x 10.x master

Contribution Guide

function Global / last

last

last ( ) : mixed

Get the last element from an array.

Parameters

$array array

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